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Star anise oil is highly fragrant, used in cooking, perfumery, soaps, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams. Until 2012, when they switched to using genetically modified E. coli, Roche Pharmaceuticals used up to 90% of the world's annual star anise crop to produce oseltamivir (Tamiflu) via shikimic acid. [3]
Illicium anisatum, with common names Japanese star anise, [1] Aniseed tree, [1] and sacred Anise tree, [1] known in Japanese as shikimi (樒, シキミ), is an evergreen shrub or small tree closely related to the Chinese star anise (Illicium verum).
Star anise refers to Illicium verum Chinese star anise, and the spice derived from it. It can also refer to related poisonous plants: Illicium anisatum, Japanese star anise, similar in appearance to Illicium verum; Illicium floridanum, a shrub of the southeastern United States; Illicium parviflorum, swamp star anise, of the southeastern United ...
The best-known species is Illicium verum, commonly known as star anise. The order belongs to the group of basal angiosperms, the ANA grade (Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales), which diverged earlier from the remaining flowering plants. Austrobaileyales is sister to all remaining extant angiosperms outside the ANA grade.
Illicium is a genus of flowering plants treated as part of the family Schisandraceae, [2] or alternately as the sole genus of the Illiciaceae. [3] It has a disjunct distribution , with most species native to eastern Asia and several in parts of North America, including the southeastern United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. [ 4 ]
Anise (/ ˈ æ n ɪ s /; [3] Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed or rarely anix, [4] is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae [2] native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. [5] The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as star anise, [4] fennel, liquorice, and tarragon.
Star anise refers to Illicium verum Chinese star anise, and the spice derived from it. It can also refer to related poisonous plants: Illicium anisatum, Japanese star anise, similar in appearance to Illicium verum; Illicium floridanum, a shrub of the southeastern United States; Illicium parviflorum, swamp star anise, of the southeastern United ...
Oseltamivir was discovered by scientists at Gilead Sciences using shikimic acid as a starting point for synthesis; shikimic acid was originally available only as an extract of Chinese star anise; but by 2006, 30% of the supply was manufactured recombinantly in E. coli. [66] [67] Gilead exclusively licensed their relevant patents to Roche in ...
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