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  2. Disc herniation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_herniation

    Disc herniation can occur in any disc in the spine, but the two most common forms are lumbar disc herniation and cervical disc herniation. The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica. Lumbar disc herniation occurs 15 times more often than ...

  3. Posterior longitudinal ligament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_longitudinal...

    Because of this, spinal disc herniations usually occur in a posterolateral direction. [5] The posterior longitudinal ligament contains a higher density of nociceptors than many ligaments, so can cause back pain. [1] It may ossify, particularly around cervical vertebrae. [1]

  4. Intervertebral disc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervertebral_disc

    An intervertebral disc (British English), also spelled intervertebral disk (American English), lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine.

  5. Thecal sac - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thecal_sac

    It is the space within the thecal sac which extends from below the end of the spinal cord (the conus medularis), typically at the level of the first to second lumbar vertebrae down to tapering of the dura at the level of the second sacral vertebra. The dura is pierced with a needle during a lumbar puncture (spinal tap).

  6. Spinal column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spine_(anatomy)

    The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals.The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate endoskeleton, where the notochord (an elastic collagen-wrapped glycoprotein rod) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of mineralized irregular bones ...

  7. Vertebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra

    Spinal disc herniation, more commonly called a slipped disc, is the result of a tear in the outer ring (anulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc, which lets some of the soft gel-like material, the nucleus pulposus, bulge out in a hernia.

  8. Central cord syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_cord_syndrome

    In older patients, CCS most often occurs after acute hyperextension injury in an individual with long-standing cervical spondylosis.A slow, chronic cause in this age group is when the cord gets caught and squeezed between a posterior intervertebral disc herniation against the anterior cord and/or with posterior pressure on the cord from hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (Lhermitte's sign ...

  9. Neck pain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neck_pain

    Spinal disc herniation – protruding or bulging discs, or if severe prolapse. Spondylosis - degenerative arthritis and osteophytes; Spinal stenosis – a narrowing of the spinal canal; More common and lesser neck pain causes include: Stress – physical and emotional stresses

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