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Gram stain morphology of “diplococcus” separates Moraxella catarrhalis from other Moraxella organisms, which are “coccobacilli” Moraxella catarrhalis is the new name for Branhamella catarrhalis.
Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus that commonly colonizes the upper respiratory tract. It is a leading cause of otitis media in children, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
Over the years, the following criteria have been used to unambiguously distinguish M. catarrhalis from other bacterial species: Gram stain; colony morphology; lack of pigmentation of the colony on blood agar; oxidase production; DNase production; failure to produce acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, and fructose; growth at 22°C on ...
Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans.
Moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of respiratory tract infection, particularly otitis media in children, whilst it is also associated with the onset of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults.
A characteristic feature of M. catarrhalis colonies is their ability to be slid across the agar surface without disruption, known as the ‘hockey puck sign’. A combination of sputum Gram stain examination and the hockey puck sign leads to prompt diagnosis and treatment of M. catarrhalis infection in patients with pneumonia.
Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly known as Branhamella catarrhalis) has emerged as a significant bacterial pathogen of humans over the past two decades.
Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative, nonmotile, aerobic, fastidious, oxidase-positive diplococcus that normally resides in human upper respiratory tract as a commensal microorganism.
The diagnosis of lower respiratory infection due to M. catarrhalis may be made on the basis of gram stain and culture of expectorated sputum. These evaluations may be problematic in patients with chronic bronchitis and in the very young or old.
Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis - clinical and molecular aspects of a rediscovered pathogen. Since its discovery at the end of the nineteenth century, has undergone several changes of nomenclature and periodic changes in its perceived status as either a commensal or a pathogen.