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Intentional weight loss is the loss of total body mass as a result of efforts to improve fitness and health, or to change appearance through slimming. Weight loss is the main treatment for obesity, [1] [2] [3] and there is substantial evidence this can prevent progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes with a 7–10% weight loss and manage cardiometabolic health for diabetic people with a ...
Unwanted weight loss of more than 5% within 6 months. [2] [19] For people with a BMI of less than 20 kg/m 2, weight loss of more than 2%. [2] [19] [27] For people with sarcopenia, weight loss of more than 2%. [2] [19] [27] New ways to score and stage cachexia are being explored, particularly in people with advanced cancer. [19]
The study analyzed the weight of roughly 20,000 older adults 65 years of age or older in both Australia (around 17,000 adults) and the United States (more than 2,000).
One study found a weight loss of between 14% and 25% (depending on the type of procedure performed) at 10 years, and a 29% reduction in all cause mortality when compared to standard weight loss measures. [214] Complications occur in about 17% of cases and reoperation is needed in 7% of cases. [212]
Frailty or frailty syndrome refers to a state of health in which older adults gradually lose their bodies' in-built reserves and functioning. This makes them more vulnerable, less able to recover and even apparently minor events (infections, environmental changes) can have drastic impacts on their physical and mental health.
The routine use of VLCDs is not recommended due to safety concerns, but this approach can be used under medical supervision if there is a clinical rationale for rapid weight loss in obese individuals, as part of a "multi-component weight management strategy" with continuous support and for a maximum of 12 weeks, according to the NICE 2014 guidelines. [12]
Using the body mass index as a measure of weight-related health, with data from 2014, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight in women and men were 9.7% and 8.8%, respectively. These values were lower than what was reported for 1975 as 14.6% and 13.8%, respectively, indicating a worldwide reduction in the extent of undernutrition.
Infectious causes of weight loss include HIV/AIDS. [5] While Type 1 diabetes has been found to cause weight loss, type 2 diabetes has been associated with weight gain. [5] Other endocrine causes of weight loss include hyperthyroidism and chronic adrenal insufficiency. [5]