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Rosalind Franklin and DNA. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-32044-8. James D. Watson; The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, Atheneum, 1980, ISBN 0-689-70602-2 (first published in 1968) is a very
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 December 2024. British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958) This article is about the chemist. For the Mars rover named after her, see Rosalind Franklin (rover). Rosalind Franklin Franklin with a microscope in 1955 Born Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-07-25) 25 July 1920 Notting Hill, London, England ...
Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a ...
By 1957 he has identified the first DNA polymerase. [5] The enzyme was limited, creating DNA in just one direction and requiring an existing primer to initiate copying of the template strand. Overall, the DNA replication process is surprisingly complex, requiring separate proteins to open the DNA helix, to keep it open, to create primers , to ...
The first transgenic livestock were produced in 1985, [66] by micro-injecting foreign DNA into rabbit, sheep and pig eggs. [67] The first animal to synthesise transgenic proteins in their milk were mice, [68] engineered to produce human tissue plasminogen activator. [69] This technology was applied to sheep, pigs, cows and other livestock. [68]
First to describe the methodology of human gait (walking). Bioelectromagnetics: Luigi Galvani (1737–1798) First to discover animal electricity through a series of experiments in 1780. Cardiovascular physiology: Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288) Father of circulatory and cardiovascular physiology. [88] [89] [90] Cognitive therapy: Aaron T. Beck (1921 ...
In the 1940s and early 1950s, experiments pointed to DNA as the portion of chromosomes (and perhaps other nucleoproteins) that held genes. A focus on new model organisms such as viruses and bacteria, along with the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953, marked the transition to the era of molecular genetics.
The discovery was announced on February 28, 1953; the first Watson/Crick paper appeared in Nature on April 25, 1953. Sir Lawrence Bragg , the director of the Cavendish Laboratory , where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at Guy's Hospital Medical School in London on Thursday, May 14, 1953, which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in ...