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E.g. of amide LA: lidocaine, prilocaine, articaine, mepivacaine; E.g. of ester LA: benzocaine, procaine; Genuine allergic reactions of an amide LA is very uncommon. An ester LA is more possible to result in an allergic reaction because the compound will be broken down to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which is a trigger for allergic reactions. [30]
Severe allergic reactions to anesthetic medications are rare and are usually attributable to factors other than the anesthetic. Neuromuscular blocking agents, natural rubber latex, and antibiotics are the most common causes of serious allergic reactions during surgery. [2] The mortality rate from these reactions ranges between 3-9%. [3]
It is generally safe to use in those allergic to tetracaine or benzocaine. [8] Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [7] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [10] [7] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [8]
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Articaine is a dental amide-type local anesthetic. It is the most widely used local anesthetic in a number of European countries [ 2 ] and is available in many countries. It is the only local anaesthetic to contain a thiophene ring , meaning it can be described as 'thiophenic'; this conveys lipid solubility.
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Allergic reaction – was more common with the use of ester anaesthetic solution. Since the use of amide anaesthetic, the allergic reactions are extremely rare. However, if patient has developed hypotension, tachycardia, respiratory difficulties, or loss of consciousness after administering anaesthetic, emergency measures must be taken. [8]
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