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These firms are allowed to pursue profits. Perums, however, are increasingly rare as the government are converting many of them into perusahaan perseroan (see below), especially after the 1980s. Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) are SOEs which are perseroan terbatas (PT) (i.e. a joint-stock company).
Aric Rindfleisch and Matt O'Hern define customer co-creation in digital marketing as "a collaborative NPD (new product development) activity in which customers actively contribute and/or select the content of a new product offering" and state that, like all NPD processes, it consists of two steps, namely contribution (of content) and selection (of the best contributions).
Experiments on co-production on public services have been launched in many countries, from Denmark to Malaysia, the UK and the US. [8]The term 'co-production' was originally coined in the late 1970s by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues at Indiana University to explain why neighbourhood crime rates went up in Chicago when the city's police officers retreated from the street into cars.
Co-promotion is a marketing practice that allows two or more companies to combine their sales force in order to promote a product under the same brand name and price with a single marketing strategy. [1] It is considered as one of the two major forms of joint marketing (Kalb 1988). Co-marketing is the other form and these terms are often ...
Diagram of the structure of an equity co-investment in a portfolio company alongside a financial sponsor. An equity co-investment (or co-investment) is a minority investment, made directly into an operating company, alongside a financial sponsor or other private equity investor, in a leveraged buyout, recapitalization or growth capital transaction. [1]
Co-occurrence network, sometimes referred to as a semantic network, [1] is a method to analyze text that includes a graphic visualization of potential relationships between people, organizations, concepts, biological organisms like bacteria [2] or other entities represented within written material.
A lot of companies using ecopreneurship principles incorporate sustainable product design. Product design incorporating sustainability can happen at any stage of the business, including material extraction, logistics, the manufacturing process, disposal, etc. Sustainable product design can be achieved using innovative technology (or Eco-innovation), cradle to cradle design, bio-mimicry, etc.
Manggarai Station Platform. KRL Commuterline, commonly known as Greater Jakarta Commuter rail, Jakarta Commuter rail, and KRL Commuter Line Jabodetabek is a commuter rail system for Greater Jakarta in Indonesia.