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  2. Electronegativities of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the...

    Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such. This is especially problematic for francium, which by relativistic calculations can be shown to be less electronegative than caesium, but for which the only value (0.7) in the literature predates these ...

  3. Alkaline earth metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal

    The next element with properties similar to the alkaline earth metals has been predicted to be element 166, though due to overlapping orbitals and lower energy gap below the 9s subshell, element 166 may instead be placed in group 12, below copernicium. [92] [93]

  4. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Hydrogen was chosen as the reference, as it forms covalent bonds with a large variety of elements: its electronegativity was fixed first [3] at 2.1, later revised [8] to 2.20. It is also necessary to decide which of the two elements is the more electronegative (equivalent to choosing one of the two possible signs for the square root).

  5. Periodic trends - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_trends

    According to this scale, fluorine is the most electronegative element, while cesium is the least electronegative element. [18] Trend-wise, as one moves from left to right across a period in the modern periodic table, the electronegativity increases as the nuclear charge increases and the atomic size decreases.

  6. Neon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon

    The Allen electronegativity scale, which relies only upon (measurable) atomic energies, identifies neon as the most electronegative element, closely followed by fluorine and helium. [ 41 ] The triple point temperature of neon (24.5561 K) is a defining fixed point in the International Temperature Scale of 1990 .

  7. List of elements by atomic properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_atomic...

    This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by atomic number (Z). Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.

  8. Fluorine cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine_cycle

    Fluorine is the thirteenth most abundant element on Earth and the 24th most abundant element in the universe. It is the most electronegative element and it is highly reactive. Thus, it is rarely found in its elemental state, although elemental fluorine has been identified in certain geochemical contexts. [3] Instead, it is most frequently found ...

  9. Properties of nonmetals (and metalloids) by group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_nonmetals...

    It has the narrowest liquid range of any element and, in liquid form, has over 40 times the refrigerating capacity of liquid helium and three times that of liquid hydrogen. Neon has a very high ionisation energy (2080.7 kJ/mol), low electron affinity (estimated at −120 kJ/mol), and very high electronegativity (4.787 χSpec).