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Richardson, Cliff; Glenn, Sheila; Horgan, Maureen; Nurmikko, Turo (October 2007), "A Prospective Study of Factors Associated with the Presence of Phantom Limb Pain Six Months After Major Lower Limb Amputation in Patients with Peripheral Vascular Disease", The Journal of Pain, 8 (10): 793–801, doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2007.05.007, PMID 17631056
A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached. It is a chronic condition which is often resistant to treatment. [1] When the cut ends of sensory fibres are stimulated during thigh movements, the patient feels as if the sensation is arising from the non-existent limb.
Upon the unavoidable amputation of a limb, physical therapy may be introduced as an additional medical approach pre- and post-amputation to minimize phantom limb pain and limb telescoping following the surgical procedure. [13] Prior to any intervention, there must be a complete assessment of the patients' condition to identify their issues.
Losing an anatomical part through amputation sets a person up for complex perceptual, emotional, and psychological responses. [4] [5] Such responses include phantom limb pain, which is the painful feeling some amputees incur after amputation in the area lost. [6] [7] Phantom limb pain permits a natural acceptance and use of prosthetic limbs. [8]
Phantom pain and non-painful phantom sensations result from changes in the central nervous system due to denervation of a body part. [6] [7] Phantom eye pain is considerably less common than phantom limb pain. The prevalence of phantom pain after limb amputation ranged from 50% to 78%. The prevalence of phantom eye pain, in contrast, is about 30%.
Phantom sensations and phantom pain may also occur after the removal of body parts other than the limbs, e.g. after amputation of the breast, extraction of a tooth (phantom tooth pain) or removal of an eye (phantom eye syndrome). A similar phenomenon is unexplained sensation in a body part unrelated to the amputated limb.
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The dysesthetic tissue may also not be part of a limb, but part of the body, such as the abdomen. The majority of individuals with both phantom limb and dysesthesia experience painful sensations. [citation needed] Phantom pain refers to dysesthetic feelings in individuals who are paralyzed or who were born without limbs. It is caused by the ...