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Halitosis describes any disagreeable odour of expired air from the mouth. In most cases, it arises from the presence of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), diamines, and short-chain fatty acids in the exhaled air. It is more likely to occur in individuals with oral, dental, and nasopharyngeal disease that can increase the accumulation of food ...
Summary. Oral mucositis is an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa following systemic cancer therapy and/or radiation therapy. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical history and physical exam. Clinical presentation varies from erythema to patchy or confluent ulceration with a superficial pseudomembranous membrane or, rarely, overt necrosis.
Definition. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is defined as 'the condition in which the reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus results in symptoms and/or complications'. [1] [2] [3] Typical symptoms are heartburn and acid regurgitation. Extra-oesophageal symptoms include cough, laryngitis, asthma, or dental erosion.
Summary. Gingivitis is caused by bacterial plaque (dental biofilm) that accumulates daily on the teeth. Results in redness, slight swelling, or "puffiness" of the gums and bleeding on tooth brushing. Treatment involves thorough professional tooth cleaning and effective daily removal of dental plaque by tooth brushing and cleaning between the teeth.
Definition. Fissured tongue is a common, benign clinical condition of unknown aetiology usually affecting the dorsum of the tongue. [1] On physical examination, numerous grooves or fissures are seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue; these are usually a few millimetres in depth. They may occur in isolated areas of the tongue or may cover the ...
Summary. Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by a loss of esophageal peristalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax in response to swallowing. The most common presenting symptoms are dysphagia to solids and liquids, regurgitation, and retrosternal pain. These can be slowly progressive over months or years.
Common presenting symptoms include dental pain/toothache; intra-oral and/or extra-oral oedema, erythema, or discharge; and thermal hypersensitivity. A major consideration is the potential for airway obstruction as a consequence of extension of the infection into fascial spaces surrounding the oropharynx. Panoramic dental x-ray reveals the ...
Definition Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is a condition characterized by an unusually abrupt onset (<72 hours) of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or severely restricted food intake, with similarly severe and acute onset of at least two concurrent cognitive, behavioral, or neurologic symptoms. [1]
Laboratory diagnosis is established by culture, serology, or histopathology. Molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction are useful for blood and tissue specimens, including heart valves, where available. Treatment depends on the species of Bartonella and the type of clinical presentation, but usually consists of antibiotic therapy.
Definition. Sialadenitis denotes inflammation and swelling of the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, or minor salivary glands. Aetiology includes bacterial or viral infection, obstruction, radiotherapy damage, or autoimmune causes. Acute bacterial sialadenitis is characterised by rapid onset of pain and swelling.