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Splenic infarction is a condition in which blood flow supply to the spleen is compromised, [1] leading to partial or complete infarction (tissue death due to oxygen shortage) in the organ. [2] Splenic infarction occurs when the splenic artery or one of its branches are occluded, for example by a blood clot. [3]
A splenic injury, which includes a ruptured spleen, is any injury to the spleen. The rupture of a normal spleen can be caused by trauma, ... 10–50% surface area:
The typical age of onset is 70 years. [4] The prognosis depends on the type of cells affected, the number of blasts in the bone marrow or blood, and the changes present in the chromosomes of the affected cells. [3] The average survival time following diagnosis is 2.5 years. [4]
Acquired asplenia occurs for several reasons: . Following splenectomy due to splenic rupture from trauma or because of tumor; After splenectomy with the goal of interfering with splenic function, as a treatment for diseases (e.g. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thalassemia, spherocytosis), in which the spleen's usual activity exacerbates the disease
Much of the spleen's protective roles can be maintained if a small amount of spleen can be left behind. [17] Where clinically appropriate, attempts are now often made to perform either surgical subtotal (partial) splenectomy, [ 18 ] or partial splenic embolization . [ 19 ]
Splenomegaly can result in hematologic disturbances and abdominal pain and can increase the risk for splenic rupture, which also causes spleen pain, from blunt trauma, resulting in life-threatening internal bleeding. [2] Many conditions can cause splenomegaly, such as various infections, liver disease, and cancer. [2]
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Early deaths occur within minutes to hours and often are due to hemorrhages in the outer meningeal layer of the brain, torn arteries, blood around the lungs, air around the lungs, ruptured spleen, liver laceration, or pelvic fracture. Immediate access to care may be crucial to prevent death in persons experiencing major trauma.