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Flexion is primarily performed by intrinsic foot muscles; the second toe (the) is unique as it has two dorsal interossei but no plantar interossei muscles. The lumbrical muscles , attached to the medial side of the lesser toes, act as unopposed adductor, but become insufficient plantar flexors with chronic extension.
The palmar fascia is palmar to the tendons of muscles which flex the fingers, and the dorsal venous arch is so named because it is on the dorsal side of the foot. In humans, volar can also be used synonymously with palmar to refer to the underside of the palm, but plantar is used exclusively to describe the sole.
Inversion and eversion are movements that tilt the sole of the foot away from (eversion) or towards (inversion) the midline of the body. [35] Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane. [36] Inversion is the movement of the sole towards the median plane. For example, inversion describes the motion when an ankle ...
The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates.It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion.In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate [clarification needed] organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.
The dorsal ligaments pass transversely between the dorsal surfaces of the bases of the adjacent metatarsal bones. The plantar ligaments have a similar arrangement to the dorsal. The interosseous ligaments consist of strong transverse fibers which connect the rough non-articular portions of the adjacent surfaces.
The tendons of several extrinsic foot muscle reach the sole: The tendons of the deep foot flexors in the posterior compartment of the leg, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus, passes behind the medial malleolus into the sole. The tendon of fibularis longus similarly passes behind the lateral malleolus into ...
The second, third, and fourth dorsal interossei have insertions both proximally on the base of the metacarpal and hood, and distally on the lateral bands and central tendon of the extensor mechanism. The abductor digiti minimi, effectively the "fifth dorsal interosseus" or the dorsal interosseus of the little finger, has only a proximal insertion.
Since the intersseous muscles cross on the metatarsophalangeal joint, then they act on that specific joint and cause adduction of toes III, IV, and V. [1] Adduction itself is not of extreme importance to the toes, but these muscles work together with the dorsal interosseous muscles in flexion of the foot.