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Microbial food cultures are live bacteria, yeasts or moulds used in food production. Microbial food cultures carry out the fermentation process in foodstuffs. Used by humans since the Neolithic period (around 10 000 years BC) [1] fermentation helps to preserve perishable foods and to improve their nutritional and organoleptic qualities (in this case, taste, sight, smell, touch).
C. tropicalis is virulent due to its ability to produce biofilm, secrete lytic enzymes, adhere to epithelial and endothelial cells, and undergo transition of bud to hyphae. [ 18 ] [ 11 ] [ 7 ] Biofilms are complex structures that are formed from the grouping of microorganisms on a local surface, either biotic or abiotic, [ 18 ] dependent on the ...
Fungi that form fusiform skeletal hyphae bound by generative hyphae are said to have sarcodimitic hyphal systems. A few fungi form fusiform skeletal hyphae, generative hyphae, and binding hyphae, and these are said to have sarcotrimitic hyphal systems. These terms were introduced as a later refinement by E. J. H. Corner in 1966. [15]
C. albicans exhibits a wide range of morphological phenotypes due to phenotypic switching and bud to hypha transition. The yeast-to-hyphae transition (filamentation) is a rapid process and induced by environmental factors. Phenotypic switching is spontaneous, happens at lower rates and in certain strains up to seven different phenotypes are known.
Candida albicans growing as yeast cells and filamentous (hypha) cells. A dimorphic fungus is a fungus that can exist in the form of both mold [1] and yeast.As this is usually brought about by a change in temperature, this fungus type is also described as a thermally dimorphic fungus. [2]
Meiosis was occurring within the teliospore, followed by germination of the teliospore and beginning of the haploid yeast state. [8] Sporobolomyces salmonicolor is a heterothallic species; two mating types are known. [6] Induction of the sexual stage begins with anastomosis of compatible yeast cells to form dikaryotic hyphae with clamp connections.
However, there are examples of animal and human parasites where the species are dimorphic but it is the yeast-like state that is infectious. [18] The genus Filobasidiella forms basidia on hyphae but the main infectious stage is more commonly known by the anamorphic yeast name Cryptococcus, e.g. Cryptococcus neoformans [19] and Cryptococcus ...
Fossilized hyphae and spores recovered from the Ordovician of Wisconsin (460 Ma) resemble modern-day Glomerales, and existed at a time when the land flora likely consisted of only non-vascular bryophyte-like plants. [132] Prototaxites, which was probably a fungus or lichen, would have been the tallest organism of the late Silurian and early ...