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The Abakada alphabet was an "indigenized" Latin alphabet adopted for the Tagalog-based Wikang Pambansa (now Filipino) in 1939. [1]The alphabet, which contains 20 letters, was introduced in the grammar book developed by Lope K. Santos for the newly designated national language based on Tagalog. [2]
The modern Filipino alphabet is made up of 28 letters, which includes the entire 26-letter set of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, the Spanish Ñ, and the Ng. The Ng digraph came from the Pilipino Abakada alphabet of the Fourth Republic.
The Abakada orthography gradually influenced the languages of the Philippines. The Abakada orthography was guided by the Balarilà of Santos. Vowels were pronounced with a short vowel length, while consonants were pronounced by appending short A's at the end. Hence, the name Abakada, from the first 4 letters of the alphabet.
The adoption of the Abakada alphabet in 1940 [4] changed the spelling of the Spanish loanwords present in the Filipino language. The spellings of Spanish loanwords were reformed according to the new orthographic rules. Examples include:
In the Philippines: Baybayin Buhid Hanunó'o Tagbanwa script In other countries: Balinese Batak Javanese Lontara Sundanese Rencong Rejang This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
Old Tagalog; ᜆᜄᜎᜓ: Pronunciation [t̪ɐ̞gal̪og] Region: Philippines, particularly the present-day regions of Calabarzon and Mimaropa: Era: 10th century AD (developed into Classical Tagalog in c. 16th century; continued as modern Southern Tagalog dialects spoken in Aurora, [1] Calabarzon, and Mimaropa, most popular is the Batangas dialect.)
The title, "Para Sa Tao", is a pun on the final cadence of the Baybayin (O/U-Pa-Ra-Sa-Ta-O/U-Wa-Ya), the Pre-Hispanic Tagalog script from which the Abakada is derived. The present-day Modern Filipino Alphabet (Filipino: "Makabagong alpabetong Filipino"), in turn, is the contemporary adaptation of the classical Abakada.
By the end of Spanish colonial rule, the abakada, which was an "indigenized" orthography based on José Rizal's use of k for c and qu but which went further by eliminating ch , ll and ñ and modifying general spelling rules, gained favor among Philippine nationalist writers among the Pampangans, two of them being Arturo Tolentino and Mónico ...