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The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. First performed by Justus von Liebig in 1838, [1] it is the first reported example of a rearrangement ...
Friedel-Crafts alkylation: alkylbenzenes can be synthesized from olefins or alkyl halides with aromatic compounds in the presence of a catalyst such as AlCl 3, HF, or H 2 SO 4. [ 4 ] Gattermann-Koch reaction : named after German chemists Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch , the Gattermann-Koch reaction is a catalyzed formylation of ...
It reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis. [3] It is a precursor to diphenylmethanimine via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by methanolysis. [4] Benzonitrile forms coordination complexes with transition metals that are both soluble in organic solvents and conveniently labile. One example is PdCl 2 ...
A key iodine(III) enolate intermediate forms, which then undergoes either nucleophilic substitution (α-functionalization), elimination (dehydrogenation), or rearrangement. Common hypervalent iodine reagents used to effect these transformations include iodosylbenzene (PhIO), [1] Koser's reagent (PhI(OTs)OH), [1] and (dichloroiodo)benzene (PhICl ...
Sometimes, higher temperatures are used instead of a catalyst (at the similar reaction condition). Under these conditions, toluene undergoes dealkylation to benzene and methane: C 6 H 5 CH 3 + H 2 → C 6 H 6 + CH 4. This irreversible reaction is accompanied by an equilibrium side reaction that produces biphenyl (diphenyl) at higher temperature ...
tert-Butylbenzene can be produced by the treatment of benzene with isobutene [1] or by the reaction of benzene with tert-butyl chloride in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, [2] the latter is depicted below:
The final step of the Wolff–Kishner reduction is the collapse of the dimide anion 2 in the presence of a proton source to give the hydrocarbon via loss of dinitrogen to afford an alkyl anion 3, which undergoes rapid and irreversible acid-base reaction with solvent to give the alkane. Evidence for this high-energy intermediate was obtained by ...
n-Butylbenzene is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 C 4 H 9. Of two isomers of butylbenzene, n -butylbenzene consists of a phenyl group attached to the 1 position of a butyl group. It is a slightly greasy, colorless liquid.