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Name of straight chain Synonyms 1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas 2 1 1 C 2 H 6: ethane: dimethyl; ethyl hydride; methyl methane 3 1 1 C 3 H 8: propane: dimethyl methane; propyl hydride 4 2 2 C 4 H 10: n-butane: butyl hydride; methylethyl methane 5 3 3 C 5 H 12: n-pentane: amyl hydride; Skellysolve A 6 5 5 C 6 H 14: n-hexane
In naming simple alcohols, the name of the alkane chain loses the terminal e and adds the suffix -ol, e.g., as in "ethanol" from the alkane chain name "ethane". [19] When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3.
C 12 H 24 O 12: lactose monohydrate: 64044-51-5 C 12 H 25 N: cyclododecylamine: 1502-03-0 C 12 H 25 NO: dodecanamide: 1120-16-7 C 12 H 26: dodecane: 112-40-3 C 12 H 26 O: butyl octyl ether: 53839-23-9 C 12 H 26 O 3: hydroxycitronellal dimethyl acetal: 141-92-4 C 12 H 26 O 5: tetrapropylene glycol: 30242-05-8 C 12 H 26 O 5: tetrapropylene glycol ...
With their repeated – CH 2 units, the alkanes constitute a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ in molecular mass by multiples of 14.03 u (the total mass of each such methylene-bridge unit, which comprises a single carbon atom of mass 12.01 u and two hydrogen atoms of mass ~1.01 u each).
A homologue (also spelled as homolog) is a compound belonging to a homologous series. [1] Compounds within a homologous series typically have a fixed set of functional groups that gives them similar chemical and physical properties. (For example, the series of primary straight-chained alcohols has a hydroxyl at the end of the carbon chain ...
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (), or unsaturated, with double bonds or triple bonds ().If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound.
Name Carbon atoms Branches/saturation Formula tert-Butyl alcohol: 4 carbon atoms: branched: C 4 H 10 O tert-Amyl alcohol: 5 carbon atoms: branched: C 5 H 12 O 3-Methyl-3-pentanol: 6 carbon atoms: branched: C 6 H 14 O 1-Heptanol (enanthic alcohol) 7 carbon atoms: C 7 H 16 O 1-Octanol (capryl alcohol) 8 carbon atoms: C 8 H 18 O Pelargonic alcohol ...
For example, the simplest alkane is CH 4 methane, and the nine-carbon alkane CH 3 (CH 2) 7 CH 3 is named nonane. The names of the first four alkanes were derived from methanol, ether, propionic acid and butyric acid, respectively.