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The marginal mandibular nerve may be injured during surgery in the neck region, especially during excision of the submandibular salivary gland or during neck dissections due to lack of accurate knowledge of variations in the course, branches and relations.
The depressor labii inferioris muscle may be resected (cut and removed) using surgery to correct an asymmetry of the lower lip when smiling. [1] This asymmetry can be caused by paralysis of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve on one side, so the healthy side may be cut to create symmetry. [1]
Damage to the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve may cause paralysis of the depressor anguli oris muscle. [1] This may contribute to an asymmetrical smile. [1] This may be corrected by resecting (cutting and removing) the depressor labii inferioris muscle, which has a more significant impact on smiling. [1]
Surgery: Surgeons performing procedures such as rhytidectomy (facelift surgery), orthognathic surgery (corrective jaw surgery), or managing mandibular trauma must be aware of the facial artery's position relative to the antegonial notch to prevent inadvertent injury.
The inferior alveolar nerve, which is a branch of the mandibular nerve, must be identified during surgery and worked around carefully in order to minimize nerve damage. The numbness may be either temporary, or more rarely, permanent. [25] Recovery from the nerve damage typically occurs within three months after repair.
The buccal branches of the facial nerve (infraorbital branches), are of larger size than the rest of the branches, pass horizontally forward to be distributed below the orbit and around the mouth. Branches
The mandibular nerve immediately passes between tensor veli palatini, which is medial, and lateral pterygoid, which is lateral, and gives off a meningeal branch (nervus spinosus) and the nerve to medial pterygoid from its medial side. The nerve then divides into a small anterior division and a large posterior division.
Excluding asymmetry and over- or under-correction, the other symptoms dissipate within three to six months post-surgery. [7] Individuals with abundant soft tissue or thick skin may consider an additional lifting procedure done simultaneously with the jaw reduction surgery, as there is a high possibility of sagging soft tissue.