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Gelatin capsules, informally called gel caps or gelcaps, are composed of gelatin manufactured from the collagen of animal skin or bone. [4] Vegetable capsules, introduced in 1989, [5] are made from cellulose, a structural component in plants. The main ingredient of vegetarian capsules is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. In the 21st century ...
The capsule can protect cells from engulfment by eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages. [7] A capsule-specific antibody may be required for phagocytosis to occur. They also exclude bacterial viruses and most hydrophobic toxic materials such as detergents. [citation needed] Immunity to one capsule type does not result in immunity to the other ...
A capsule is a gelatinous envelope enclosing the active substance. Capsules can be designed to remain intact for some hours after ingestion in order to delay absorption . They may also contain a mixture of slow and fast release particles to produce rapid and sustained absorption in the same dose .
Bowman's capsule (or the Bowman capsule, capsula glomeruli, or glomerular capsule) is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac. Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the ...
Capsule (fruit), or seed capsule, a type of dry fruit like the poppy, iris or foxglove; Capsule (pharmacy), a small gelatinous case enclosing a dose of medication; Glisson's capsule, a fibrous layer covering the external surface of the liver; Lymph node capsule; Renal capsule, a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney
However, it acquired an important practical use with the advent of serum therapy to treat certain types of pneumococcal pneumonia in the 1920s because selection of the proper antiserum to treat an individual patient required correct identification of the infecting pneumococcal serotype, and the quellung reaction was the only method available to ...
For this reason, producers of drugs such as OTC analgesics wanting to emphasize the strength of their product developed the "caplet", a portmanteau [6] of capsule-shaped tablet, [7] [8] in order to tie this positive association to more efficiently produced tablet pills as well as being an easier-to-swallow shape than the usual disk-shaped tablet.
The renal corpuscle is composed of two structures, the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. [3] The glomerulus is a small tuft of capillaries containing two cell types. Endothelial cells, which have large fenestrae, are not covered by diaphragms. Mesangial cells are modified smooth muscle cells that lie between the capillaries.