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The Debye–Hückel theory was proposed by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel as a theoretical explanation for departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas. [1] It is a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann model , which assumes an extremely simplified model of electrolyte solution but nevertheless gave accurate predictions of mean ...
It is based on the classic theory of polar liquids, as developed by Peter Debye and corrected by Lars Onsager to incorporate reaction field effects. The model can be combined with quantum chemical calculations to formally derive a continuum model of solvent effects suitable for computer simulations of small and large molecular systems.
Ionic Atmosphere is a concept employed in Debye–Hückel theory which explains the electrolytic conductivity behaviour of solutions. It can be generally defined as the area at which a charged entity is capable of attracting an entity of the opposite charge.
This law is valid for low electrolyte concentrations only; it fits into the Debye–Hückel–Onsager equation. [6] For weak electrolytes (i.e. incompletely dissociated electrolytes), however, the molar conductivity strongly depends on concentration: The more dilute a solution, the greater its molar conductivity, due to increased ionic ...
In plasma physics, electric-field screening is also called Debye screening or shielding. It manifests itself on macroscopic scales by a sheath (Debye sheath) next to a material with which the plasma is in contact. The screened potential determines the inter atomic force and the phonon dispersion relation in metals.
Substituting this length scale into the Debye–Hückel equation and neglecting the second and third terms on the right side yields the much simplified form () = ().As the only characteristic length scale in the Debye–Hückel equation, sets the scale for variations in the potential and in the concentrations of charged species.
The molecule induces polarization in this media which in turn creates a reaction field, sometimes called the Onsager reaction field. Although Onsager 's name is often attached to the technique, because he considered such a geometry in his theory of the dielectric constant, [ 1 ] the method was first introduced by Barker and Watts in 1973.
The parameter κ −1 is referred to as the Debye length, and some representative values for a monovalent salt in water at 25°C with ε ≃ 80 are given in the table on the right. In non-aqueous solutions, Debye length can be substantially larger than the ones given in the table due to smaller dielectric constants.