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  2. Slavery in the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire

    The Act obliged the Ottoman Empire to manumit all slaves within its borders who had been illegally trafficked, and granted every signure states the right to liberate or demand the liberation of every one of their citizens who had been brought to the Ottoman Empire as slaves since 1889, and this Act was enforced in 1892. [129]

  3. Edict of Gülhane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Gülhane

    Edict of Gülhane in Ottoman Turkish French translation of the edict, in Législation ottomane Volume 2, which originated from Manuale di diritto publico e privato ottomano (1865) by Domenico Gatteschi Mustafa Reşid Pasha, the principal architect of the Edict of Gülhane

  4. Kanunname of 1889 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanunname_of_1889

    The British had a long-standing campaign issuing pressure on the Ottoman Empire to restrict the slave trade and slavery in the Ottoman Empire.The Firman of 1854 and the Firman of 1857 had nominally banned the Circassian slave trade and the African slave trade respectively; the Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention had banned the import of African slaves via Ottoman Egypt; and the Anglo-Ottoman ...

  5. History of slavery in the Muslim world - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the...

    As late as 1908, female slaves were still sold in the Ottoman Empire. Concubinage was a central part of the Ottoman slave system throughout the history of the institution. [154] [155] Ottoman painting of Balkan children taken as soldier-slaves. A member of the Ottoman slave class, called a kul in Turkish, could achieve high status.

  6. Disestablishment of the Istanbul Slave Market - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disestablishment_of_the...

    The public sale of slaves in the Ottoman capital shocked foreign visitors from the West and created bad publicity for the Ottoman Empire, which was painted as barbaric. In the market bazaar for female slaves, the Avret Pazari, for example, slave girls were exposed naked on the auction block and tied in position for prospective buyers to inspect ...

  7. Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire

    The Ottoman Empire [k] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n / ⓘ), also called the Turkish Empire, [23] [24] was an imperial realm [l] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

  8. Ghaza thesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaza_thesis

    The Ghaza or Ghazi thesis (from Ottoman Turkish: غزا, ġazā, "holy war", or simply "raid") [nb 1] is a since discredited historical paradigm first formulated by Paul Wittek which has been used to interpret the nature of the Ottoman Empire during the earliest period of its history, the fourteenth century, [2] and its subsequent history.

  9. Tanzimat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzimat

    The Tanzimat built on previous reform efforts of Sultan Mahmud II. During its height, the Porte 's bureaucracy overshadowed the sultans. Leading " Men of the Tanzimat " included Mustafa Reşid Pasha in the period of 1839–1855, and then Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha and Keçecizade Fuad Pasha from the early 1850s to 1871.