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Species counterpoint generally offers less freedom to the composer than other types of counterpoint and therefore is called a "strict" counterpoint. The student gradually attains the ability to write free counterpoint (that is, less rigorously constrained counterpoint, usually without a cantus firmus) according to the given rules at the time. [17]
Counterpoint (Kontrapunkt in the original German) is the second volume of Heinrich Schenker's New Musical Theories and Fantasies (the first is Harmony and the third is Free Composition). It is divided into two "Books", the first published in 1910, and the second in 1922. The subject matter of the work is species counterpoint.
4th chapter of ITT is devoted to species counterpoint, an old western tradition of composing music consisting of simple lines with uniform rhythm. Westergaard presented formal grammars to construct/parse species lines. According to him, there are three types of lines: primary line, generic line, and the bass line.
In addition, the top voice answers the bass line by a voice exchange, E 4 –F ♯ 4 –G ♯ 4 above G ♯ 2 –(F ♯ 2)–E 2, in bar 3, after a descending arpeggio of the E major chord. The bass line is doubled in parallel tenths by the alto voice, descending from G ♯ 4 to G ♯ 3 , and the tenor voice alternatively doubles the soprano ...
Cambiata, or nota cambiata (Italian for changed note), has a number of different and related meanings in music.Generally it refers to a pattern in a homophonic or polyphonic (and usually contrapuntal) setting of a melody where a note is skipped from (typically by an interval of a third) in one direction (either going up or down in pitch) followed by the note skipped to, and then by motion in ...
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Free Composition (German: freier Satz) Title of the American translation of Schenker's Der freie Satz [8] Fundamental line (German: Urlinie) The melodic aspect of the fundamental structure, a stepwise descent from one of the triad notes to the tonic, with the bass arpeggiation being the harmonic aspect. The notion of the descending fundamental ...
In species counterpoint, as given in Fux, the student is to master writing counterpoint in each species before moving on to the next. The species are, in order, note against note; two notes against one; four notes against one; ligature or suspensions (one note against one, but offset by half of the note value); and florid counterpoint, in which ...