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Stourhead in Wiltshire, England, designed by Henry Hoare (1705–1785), "the first landscape gardener, who showed in a single work, genius of the highest order" [1]. Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioural, or aesthetic outcomes. [2]
Contemporary architecture is the architecture of the 21st century. No single style is dominant. [1] Contemporary architects work in several different styles, from postmodernism, high-tech architecture and new references and interpretations of traditional architecture [2] [3] to highly conceptual forms and designs, resembling sculpture on an enormous scale.
The modern form of the word, with its connotations of scenery, appeared in the late sixteenth century when the term landschap was introduced by Dutch painters who used it to refer to paintings of inland natural or rural scenery. The word landscape, first recorded in 1598, was borrowed from a Dutch painters' term. [6]
His influence on contemporary land art, landscape architecture and environmental sculpture is evident in many works today. [9] Alan Sonfist used an alternative approach to working with nature and culture by bringing historical nature and sustainable art back into New York City.
Landscape is a context which contains architecture and civil engineering. Landscape is seen as a third machinery arm that makes a connection between its components. Mohsen Mostafavi, the author of Landscape Urbanism : A Manual for the Machinic Landscape [9] used the same phrase.
Landscape design is an independent profession and a design and art tradition, practiced by landscape designers, combining nature and culture. In contemporary practice, landscape design bridges the space between landscape architecture and garden design .
Sustainable landscape architecture is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of the built and natural environments. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The design of a sustainable landscape encompasses the three pillars of sustainable development: economic well-being, social equity and environmental protections.
Space in landscape design refers to theories about the meaning and nature of space as a volume and as an element of design.The concept of space as the fundamental medium of landscape design grew from debates tied to modernism, contemporary art, Asian art and design as seen in the Japanese garden, and architecture.