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Thought of quotitively, a division problem can be solved by repeatedly subtracting groups of the size of the divisor. [1] For instance, suppose each egg carton fits 12 eggs, and the problem is to find how many cartons are needed to fit 36 eggs in total. Groups of 12 eggs at a time can be separated from the main pile until none are left, 3 groups:
[1] [2]: =: a and d are called extremes, b and c are called means. Proportion can be written as =, where ratios are expressed as fractions. Such a proportion is known as geometrical proportion, [3] not to be confused with arithmetical proportion and harmonic proportion.
In terms of partition, 20 / 5 means the size of each of 5 parts into which a set of size 20 is divided. For example, 20 apples divide into five groups of four apples, meaning that "twenty divided by five is equal to four". This is denoted as 20 / 5 = 4, or 20 / 5 = 4. [2] In the example, 20 is the dividend, 5 is the divisor, and 4 is ...
In the problem of envy-free cake-cutting, there is a cake modeled as an interval, and agents with different value measures over the cake. The value measures are accessible only via queries of the form "evaluate a given piece of cake" or "mark a piece of cake with a given value".
FP then projects to QP (Quantitative Phrase) and Q (box) denotes a quantifier [7] 5. a) A box of those chocolates b) A box of chocolates 6. a) *The three of those cars b) The three cars A true partitive, as shown in 5a), has the interpretation of a quantity being a part or subset of an entity or set.
With inverse proportion, an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other. For instance, in travel, a constant speed dictates a direct proportion between distance and time travelled; in contrast, for a given distance (the constant), the time of travel is inversely proportional to speed: s × t = d.
The Hoffman–Singleton theorem states that any Moore graph with girth 5 must have degree 2, 3, 7, or 57. The Moore graphs are: [3] The complete graphs K n on n > 2 nodes (diameter 1, girth 3, degree n − 1, order n) The odd cycles C 2n+1 (diameter n, girth 2n + 1, degree 2, order 2n + 1). This includes C 5 with diameter 2, girth 5, degree 2 ...
Solving Ordinary Differential Equations. I. Nonstiff Problems. Springer Series in Computational Mathematics. Vol. 8 (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 3-540-56670-8. MR 1227985. Ernst Hairer and Gerhard Wanner, Solving ordinary differential equations II: Stiff and differential-algebraic problems, second edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1996.