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The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups"). It is an icon of chemistry and is widely used in physics and other sciences.
In the periodic table of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered.
Another common classification is by degree of metallic or nonmetallic behaviour and characteristics. Elements in the vicinity of where the metals and nonmetals meet are sometime classified as metalloids or an equivalent term. These two to three classes are commonly marked by differing background colors in the periodic table.
Unclassified periodic tables defy easy classification: 1891 — Wendt's generation-tree of the elements [111] 1893 — Nechaev's truncated cones [112] 1907 — Grouping of the elements to illustrate refractivity: Runs from group 12 on the left to group 13 on the right [113] 1918 — Cherkesov: Two periodic tables: Mn in group 8 rather than ...
A block of the periodic table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. [1] The term seems to have been first used by Charles Janet. [2] Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block , p-block , d-block , f-block and g-block .
Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
Group 10, numbered by current IUPAC style, is the group of chemical elements in the periodic table that consists of nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and darmstadtium (Ds). All are d-block transition metals.
Not all topics the periodic table shows are straightforward and undisputed. Some are chosen by looking at the scientific arguments presented in sources, which depend on chemistry and physics. Apart from science, also editorial choices are made. For example, it is quite common to show the "18-column" format (with two extra rows below the main ...