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In Italy, the cum laude notation (con lode being the equivalent in Italian) is used as an increasing level of the highest grade for both exams (30/30) and degrees (110/110), in all its levels; Passing an exam cum laude (30 e lode) has usually only an honorific meaning, but sometimes it influences the average grade and can be useful to the ...
A total average of around 14 (70%) earns a distinction grade (cum laude), around 16 (80%) means high distinction (magna cum laude) and an average of around 18 (90%) yields the highest distinction (summa/maxima cum laude). The exact scores for each grade differ between different universities. [31] [32]
The graduation song is a vital part of the ceremony. It is considered a symbol of the graduating class and is usually chosen by the graduates, although in some cases the class adviser or the teachers may choose the song themselves. The graduates usually try to choose a song that will express their feelings about graduation.
At university level, in some cases, Latin expressions are used. The Latin grades for a passed final exam in law at the University of Zurich , for example, are " summa cum laude " (excellent), " magna cum laude " (very good), " cum laude " (good) and "rite" (sufficient).
In all other years during that time period, the top student only managed to obtain the magna cum laude distinction. Since 2008, to address the difficulty of obtaining the summa cum laude distinction, in a year where no student manages to meet the GPA cut-off, Harvard will now award summa cum laude to the top student of the year. [136]
In recent years, the French government began to explore possible conversion of the 0–20 grading scale to 0–4 or 0–5. [14] [15] Since 2008, the College Gabriel-Séailles, a middle school in southern France, has abolished grading altogether.
It is generally comparable to the magna/summa cum laude distinction in North America. In general, a degree is awarded "cum laude" if the average of grades is at least 8 or 8.5, and no individual grade under 6 or 7 has been awarded. In most cases, the final thesis needs to be awarded at least an 8 or 8.5.
In this version, E stands for "exemplary" and P proficient, with AE and AP for work that approaches the E and P levels. "Credit" is equivalent to the D level and "No Credit" is equivalent to F. [23] The use of M (for "mediocre") in place of the N and I (for "insufficient") in place of the U was used in some places, and included the F. E (Excellent)