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Modern cookers include electronic time, temperature and pressure controllers and are marketed as "automated multipurpose cooking appliances". The most modern ones include Bluetooth and WiFi capabilities and cooking procedures in recipe scripts, mainly by choosing the temperature, time and pressure in multiple steps, to execute and share. [7]
Cooking is an aspect of all human societies and a cultural universal. Types of cooking also depend on the skill levels and training of the cooks. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments. Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans ...
Before cooking institutions, professional cooks were mentors for individual students who apprenticed under them. [13] In 1879, the first cooking school was founded in the United States: the Boston Cooking School. This school standardized cooking practices and recipes, and laid the groundwork for the culinary arts schools that would follow. [14]
More accurate measurements become important in the large volumes used in commercial food production. Also, a home cook can use greater precision at times. Water at 4.0 °C (39.2 °F) may be volumetrically measured then weighed to determine an unknown measuring-utensil volume [ 13 ] without the need for a water-density adjustment.
[3] [4] A faster recovery time shortens the cooking time, which lessens the amount of oil absorbed into the deep fried foods. [3] This results in a superior product compared to deep fried foods that are highly saturated with oil, and also reduces the amount of oil needed to be re-added to the deep fryer.
Induction cooking surfaces work well with any pans with a high ferrous metal content at the base. Cast iron pans and any black metal or iron pans are compatible. Stainless steel pans are compatible if the base of the pan is a magnetic grade of stainless steel. If a magnet sticks well to the bottom of the pan, it is compatible.
Molecular gastronomy includes the study of how different cooking temperatures affect eggs, [1] [2] their viscosity, surface tension, and different ways of introducing air into them. [3] Spherification of juices and other liquids is a technique of molecular gastronomy. A molecular gastronomy rendition of eggs Benedict served by wd~50 in New York ...
Pressure cooking – cooking in a sealed vessel that does not permit air or liquids to escape below a preset pressure, which allows the liquid in the pot to rise to a higher temperature before boiling. Simmering – foods are cooked in hot liquids kept at or just below the boiling point of water, [3] but higher than poaching temperature.