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Explicitly, LGMD preferentially affects muscles of the hip girdle, thigh, shoulder girdle, and/or upper arm. [8] [6] The muscle weakness is generally symmetric. [11] Usually, the hip girdle is the first area to exhibit weakness, [2] manifesting as difficulty walking, going up and/or down stairs, rising from a chair, bending at the waist, or ...
Each innominate bone (ilium) joins the femur (thigh bone) to form the hip joint; thus the sacroiliac joint moves with walking and movement of the torso. [9] In this joint, hyaline cartilage on the sacral side moves against fibrocartilage on the iliac side. The sacroiliac joint contains numerous ridges and depressions that function in stability.
Muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in genes, usually those involved in making muscle proteins. [2] The muscle protein, dystrophin, is in most muscle cells and works to strengthen the muscle fibers and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax. [3] It links the muscle membrane to the thin muscular filaments within the cell.
Weakness is symmetric, progressive, and proximal (on or close to the torso), usually affecting the hip girdle and shoulder girdle muscles. [1] [3] Hip weakness can manifest as a waddling gate. [1] Shoulder weakness can manifest as winged scapulas. [1] Muscle contractures, especially of the Achilles tendon, and scoliosis can also occur. [1]
Muscle weakness can also be classified as either "proximal" or "distal" based on the location of the muscles that it affects. Proximal muscle weakness affects muscles closest to the body's midline, while distal muscle weakness affects muscles further out on the limbs. Proximal muscle weakness can be seen in Cushing's syndrome [18] and ...
As a lesion that results in hemiplegia occurs in the brain or spinal cord, hemiplegic muscles display features of the upper motor neuron syndrome. Features other than weakness include decreased movement control, clonus (a series of involuntary rapid muscle contractions), spasticity, exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and decreased endurance.
Dr. Wasan shares that there are several organs located on the right side of the body that can cause pain, including the lungs, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix, colon or even kidneys.
Extra-articular snapping hip syndrome is commonly associated with leg length difference (usually the long side is symptomatic), tightness in the iliotibial band (ITB) on the involved side, weakness in hip abductors and external rotators, poor lumbopelvic stability and abnormal foot mechanics (overpronation). [6]