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Instead, it’s usually a failure in underground systems like sewer or water lines that cause the ground to open. “Leaks in pressurized systems, like water mains, result in holes being formed in ...
In modern times, areas known to have quick clay deposits are commonly tested in advance of any major human development. It is not always possible to entirely avoid building on a quick clay site, although modern engineering techniques have found technical precautions which can be taken to mitigate the risk of disaster.
The water cycle including human activities. Water cycle management is a multidisciplinary approach relating to all planning, developmental, operational and tactical decisions to influence the water cycle. Most importantly water cycle management is used to ensure availability of clean water for designated use, and to ensure safe release of ...
The Red Lake sinkhole in Croatia. A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet.
Over the past 15 years, sinkhole damage costs an average of $300 million a year in the United States. There are several ways to identify a sinkhole in progress.
In road and rail transport, a washout is the result of a natural disaster where the roadbed is eroded away by flowing water, usually as the result of a flood. [1] When a washout destroys a railroad's right-of-way , the track is sometimes left suspended in midair across the newly formed gap, or it dips down into a ditch.
A sinkhole that formed on the eastbound side of I-80 near Wharton, New Jersey caused traffic snarls on the busy highway, about 40 miles west of New York City. Westbound lanes were unaffected.
Knowledge of the water pressure and of the runoff mode is important to stability analysis, and to planning measures to improve hillside stability. Hoek and Bray (1981) provide a scheme of possible measures to reduce not only the amount of water, which is itself negligible as a cause of instability, but also the pressure applied by the water. [1]