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Before the standardization of the language, many Indonesian words follow standard Dutch alphabet and pronunciation such as "oe" for vowel "u" or "dj" for consonant "j" [dʒ]. As a result, Malay words are written with that orthography such as: passer for the word Pasar or djalan for the word jalan , older Indonesian generation tend to have their ...
This article explains the phonology of Malay and Indonesian based on the pronunciation of Standard Malay, which is the official language of Brunei and Singapore, "Malaysian" of Malaysia, and Indonesian the official language of Indonesia and a working language in Timor Leste.
Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure. [47] By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the "trend towards Indo-Saxonization", [48] known in Indonesian as pengindosaksonan. Many ...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malay (Malaysian and Indonesian) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The study of Indonesian etymology and loan words reflects its historical and social context. Examples include the early Sanskrit borrowings, probably during the Srivijaya period, the borrowings from Arabic and Persian, especially during the time of the establishment of Islam, and words borrowed from Dutch during the colonial period.
Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Dutch Word Dutch Meaning Note Ref cako (dated) headgear cokelat: chocolate: chocolade: chocolate: cultuurstelsel: cultivation system: cultuurstelsel: cultivation system: The Cultivation System was a Dutch government policy in the mid-19th century for its Dutch East Indies colony (now Indonesia). curatele ...
The Van Ophuijsen system was modelled extensively on Dutch orthography, ostensibly to make pronunciation of Malay and Indonesian words more easily understandable to Dutch colonial authorities. Thus, the system used the Dutch variant of the Latin script , reflecting contemporaneous Dutch phonology .
Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Chinese Character (Traditional) Chinese Character Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref acik, aci: older women, such as older sister, aunt 阿姊: 阿姊: Hakka: â-chí, â-chè, â-che elder sister Min Nan: a-chí, a-ché akeo: son 阿哥: 阿哥: Min Nan: a-ko elder brother amah
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