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Atmospheric dispersion modeling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere. It is performed with computer programs that include algorithms to solve the mathematical equations that govern the pollutant dispersion.
Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
There are five types of air pollution dispersion models, as well as some hybrids of the five types: [1] Box model – The box model is the simplest of the model types. [2] It assumes the airshed (i.e., a given volume of atmospheric air in a geographical region) is in the shape of a box.
AERMOD – An atmospheric dispersion model based on atmospheric boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of multiple ground-level and elevated point, area and volume sources. It handles flat or complex, rural or urban terrain and includes algorithms for building effects and plume penetration of inversions aloft.
Air pollutant concentrations, as measured or as calculated by air pollution dispersion modeling, [1] must often be converted or corrected to be expressed as required by the regulations issued by various governmental agencies.
The AERMOD atmospheric dispersion modeling system is an integrated system that includes three modules: [1] [2] [3]. Graphic display of Aermod output. A steady-state dispersion model designed for short-range (up to 50 kilometers) dispersion of direct air pollutant emissions primarily from stationary industrial sources.
Diagram showing displacement of the Sun's image at sunrise and sunset Comparison of inferior and superior mirages due to differing air refractive indices, n. Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height. [1]
Bibliography of atmospheric dispersion modeling; Outline of air pollution dispersion; Cryovolcano; Enceladus – moon of planet Saturn; Eruption column, a plume of volcanic gas and ash in the atmosphere; Mantle plume, an upwelling of molten rock within the Earth's mantle; Moisture plume or atmospheric river, a narrow corridor of concentrated ...