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The voluntary hospital movement began in the early 18th century, with hospitals being founded in London by the 1710s and 20s, including Westminster Hospital (1719) promoted by the private bank C. Hoare & Co and Guy's Hospital (1724) funded from the bequest of the wealthy merchant, Thomas Guy. Other hospitals sprang up in London and other ...
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At critical points in American history the public health movement focused on different priorities. When epidemics or pandemics took place the movement focused on minimizing the disaster, as well as sponsoring long-term statistical and scientific research into finding ways to cure or prevent such dangerous diseases as smallpox, malaria, cholera.
St. Mary's Medical Center (SMMC) is the oldest continuously operating hospital and the first Catholic hospital in San Francisco. St. Mary's Hospital was opened on July 27, 1857 by the Sisters of Mercy. 1858 St. Joseph Community Hospital: Vancouver, Washington: Merged PeaceHealth Southwest Medical Center, 2010 [32] 1858 Long Island College Hospital
After the London Fever Hospital was established in 1802, six more hospitals were established in London by the Metropolitan Asylums Board.These were designed with two separate buildings – one for smallpox patients and one for sufferers from other infectious diseases: cholera, diphtheria, dysentery, measles, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, typhus and whooping cough.
The disease environment was very hostile to European settlers, especially in all the Southern colonies. Malaria was endemic in the South, with very high mortality rates for new arrivals. Children born in the new world had some immunity—they experienced mild recurrent forms of malaria but survived.
1848 lithograph of the Kirkbride design of the Trenton State Hospital. The Quaker reformers, including Samuel Tuke, who promoted the moral treatment, as it was called, argued that patients should be unchained, granted respect, encouraged to perform occupational tasks (like farming, carpentry, or laundry), and allowed to stroll the grounds with an attendant and attend occasional dances. [5]
The first hospital designed under the Kirkbride Plan was the Trenton State Hospital in Trenton, New Jersey by John Notman, constructed in 1848. [3] Throughout the remainder of the nineteenth century, numerous psychiatric hospitals were designed under the Kirkbride Plan across the United States.