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The Lorentz factor γ retains its definition for a boost in any direction, since it depends only on the magnitude of the relative velocity. The definition β = v/c with magnitude 0 ≤ β < 1 is also used by some authors.
At any time after t = t′ = 0, xx′ is not zero, so dividing both sides of the equation by xx′ results in =, which is called the "Lorentz factor". When the transformation equations are required to satisfy the light signal equations in the form x = ct and x ′ = ct ′, by substituting the x and x'-values, the same technique produces the ...
Definition of the Lorentz factor γ. The Lorentz factor or Lorentz term (also known as the gamma factor [1]) is a quantity expressing how much the measurements of time, length, and other physical properties change for an object while it moves. The expression appears in several equations in special relativity, and it arises in derivations of the ...
In physics and mathematics, the Lorentz group is the group of all Lorentz transformations of Minkowski spacetime, the classical and quantum setting for all (non-gravitational) physical phenomena. The Lorentz group is named for the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz. For example, the following laws, equations, and theories respect Lorentz symmetry:
Lorentz force acting on fast-moving charged particles in a bubble chamber.Positive and negative charge trajectories curve in opposite directions. In physics, specifically in electromagnetism, the Lorentz force law is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields.
In order to find out the transformation of three-acceleration, one has to differentiate the spatial coordinates and ′ of the Lorentz transformation with respect to and ′, from which the transformation of three-velocity (also called velocity-addition formula) between and ′ follows, and eventually by another differentiation with respect to and ′ the transformation of three-acceleration ...
Lorentz transformations can be parametrized by rapidity φ for a boost in the direction of a three-dimensional unit vector ^ = (,,), and a rotation angle θ about a three-dimensional unit vector ^ = (,,) defining an axis, so ^ = (,,) and ^ = (,,) are together six parameters of the Lorentz group (three for rotations and three for boosts). The ...
Time dilation by the Lorentz factor was predicted by several authors at the turn of the 20th century. [3] [4] Joseph Larmor (1897) wrote that, at least for those orbiting a nucleus, individual electrons describe corresponding parts of their orbits in times shorter for the [rest] system in the ratio: . [5]