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The spelling Achehnese originates from a 1906 English translation of the Dutch-language Studien over atjesche klank- en schriftleer. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 35.346-442 by Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, 1892. In Acehnese the language is called Basa/Bahsa Acèh. In Indonesian it is called Bahasa Aceh. [3]
Due to conflict after the Dutch invasion of Aceh, followed by Martial Law in Aceh during the attempt to break away from Indonesia, and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, many Acehnese fled abroad. The most significant number of Acehnese can be found in Malaysia [ 47 ] [ 48 ] and Scandinavian countries, especially Sweden and Norway [ 49 ] countries.
In the 11th century, the Linge Kingdom was established by the Gayo people [3] during the reign of Sultan Makhdum Johan Berdaulat Mahmud Syah from the Perlak Sultanate, as it was told by two rulers who were ruling during the Dutch East Indies era; namely Raja Uyem and his son Raja Ranta, who is Raja Cik Bebesen, and also Zainuddin from the rulers of Kejurun Bukit.
The Dutch adaptation of the Malay language during the colonial period resulted in the incorporation of a significant number of Dutch loanwords and vocabulary. This event significantly affected the original Malay language, which gradually developed into modern Indonesian. Most terms are documented in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. [1]
The highland dialect, also known as Bali Aga [dialect] is a dialect of the Balinese language spoken by the Bali Aga people in mountainous areas and northern part of Bali, especially in the mountain range of Kintamani, and regencies nearby such as Bangli, Buleleng, and Karangasem, as well in Nusa Penida. [18]
Great Aceh Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Aceh Besar) is a regency of the Indonesian province of Aceh.The regency covers an area of 2,903.49 square kilometres and had a population of 351,418 at the 2010 Census, [3] 391,870 at the 2015 census and 405,535 at the 2020 Census; [4] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 435,298 (comprising 208,110 males and 217,180 females). [1]
In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between "Malay language" (bahasa Melayu) and "Indonesian" (bahasa Indonesia). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the unifying language of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term "Malay" in common parlance. [ 18 ]
The fall of Makassar had a significant impact, prompting a large-scale migration towards the Malay regions and other areas including Bali, Java, Borneo and Aceh. This exodus included not only the Bugis-Malays of Sulawesi but also the Bugis, Makassar and Mandarese people.