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The early history of gardening is largely entangled with the history of agriculture, with gardens that were mainly ornamental generally the preserve of the elite until quite recent times. Smaller gardens generally had being a kitchen garden as their first priority, as is still often the case.
Plant domestication is seen as the birth of agriculture. However, it is arguably proceeded by a very long history of gardening wild plants. While the 12,000 year-old date is the commonly accepted timeline describing plant domestication, there is now evidence from the Ohalo II hunter-gatherer site showing earlier signs of disturbing the soil and cultivation of pre-domesticated crop species. [8]
Garden design is the process of creating plans for the layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Gardens may be designed by garden owners themselves, or by professionals. Professional garden designers tend to be trained in principles of design and horticulture, and have a knowledge and experience of using plants.
The Orangerie in the Gardens of Versailles with the Pièce d’eau des Suisses in the background (French formal garden) Reflection of the Bagh-e Narenjestan (orange garden) and the Khaneh Ghavam (Ghavam house) at Shiraz, Iran (Persian garden) Nishat Bagh, terrace garden at Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir (Mughal Gardens) White Garden at Kensington Palace, a Dutch garden planted as a Color garden ...
Gardeners gardening at Jetavana, Bodh Gaya 2nd–1st BC (from History of gardening) Image 72 Engraving from a 1774 edition of La pratique du jardinage , a treatise on gardening by Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville .
The traditional kitchen garden, vegetable garden, also known as a potager (from the French jardin potager) or in Scotland a kailyaird, [1] is a space separate from the rest of the residential garden – the ornamental plants and lawn areas. It is used for growing edible plants and often some medicinal plants, especially historically.
Horticulture began with the domestication of plants 10,000-20,000 years ago, and has since, been deeply integrated into humanity's history. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The domestication of plants occurred independently within various civilizations across the globe.
Until late in the nineteenth century the history of gardens was an assemblage of ‘gleanings’ from literary sources, a prime example being John Claudius Loudon, who included a ‘brief outline of the progress of the ancient style in England’ in his Encyclopædia of Gardening (1822) which attempted to define and date ancient garden features.