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  2. Equivalent circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_circuit

    Often, an equivalent circuit is sought that simplifies calculation, and more broadly, that is a simplest form of a more complex circuit in order to aid analysis. [1] In its most common form, an equivalent circuit is made up of linear, passive elements. However, more complex equivalent circuits are used that approximate the nonlinear behavior of ...

  3. Norton's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton's_theorem

    The Norton equivalent circuit is used to represent any network of linear sources and impedances at a given frequency. Norton's theorem and its dual, Thévenin's theorem , are widely used for circuit analysis simplification and to study circuit's initial-condition and steady-state response.

  4. Load line (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_line_(electronics)

    Load lines can be used separately for both DC and AC analysis. The DC load line is the load line of the DC equivalent circuit, defined by reducing the reactive components to zero (replacing capacitors by open circuits and inductors by short circuits). It is used to determine the correct DC operating point, often called the Q point.

  5. Thévenin's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thévenin's_theorem

    The equivalent resistance R th is the resistance that the circuit between terminals A and B would have if all ideal voltage sources in the circuit were replaced by a short circuit and all ideal current sources were replaced by an open circuit (i.e., the sources are set to provide zero voltages and currents).

  6. Network analysis (electrical circuits) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_analysis...

    A generator, because this tangent will not, in general, pass through the origin. With more terminals, more complicated equivalent circuits are required. A popular form of specifying the small signal equivalent circuit amongst transistor manufacturers is to use the two-port network parameters known as [h] parameters. These are a matrix of four ...

  7. Alternating current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current

    The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, respectively, as when they modify current or voltage. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The usual waveform of alternating current in most electric power circuits is a sine wave , whose positive half-period corresponds with positive direction of the current and vice versa (the full ...

  8. Source transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_transformation

    Source transformations are easy to compute using Ohm's law.If there is a voltage source in series with an impedance, it is possible to find the value of the equivalent current source in parallel with the impedance by dividing the value of the voltage source by the value of the impedance.

  9. Reciprocity (electrical networks) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(electrical...

    Reciprocity in electrical networks is a property of a circuit that relates voltages and currents at two points. The reciprocity theorem states that the current at one point in a circuit due to a voltage at a second point is the same as the current at the second point due to the same voltage at the first.