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Before the First Vatican Council, John Henry Newman, while personally convinced, as a matter of theological opinion, of papal infallibility, opposed its definition as dogma, fearing that the definition might be expressed in over-broad terms open to misunderstanding. He was pleased with the moderate tone of the actual definition, which "affirmed ...
The council was formally closed in 1960 by Pope John XXIII, prior to the formation of the Second Vatican Council. [ 23 ] In reaction to the political implications of the doctrine of infallibility on the sovereignty of secular states , some of the European kingdoms and republics took rapid action against the Catholic Church.
This type of infallibility falls under the authority of the sacred magisterium. The doctrine of papal infallibility was formally defined at the First Vatican Council [11] in 1870, although belief in this doctrine long predated this council and was premised on the promises of Jesus to Peter (Mat 16:16-20; Luke 22:32). [12]
Later Catholics who disagreed with the Roman Catholic dogma of papal infallibility, as defined by the First Vatican Council (1870), were thereafter without a bishop and joined with the See of Utrecht to form the Union of Utrecht of the Old Catholic Churches. Today, Utrechter Union churches are found chiefly in Germany, Switzerland, the ...
Painting to commemorate the dogma of papal infallibility (Voorschoten, 1870).Left to right: Thomas Aquinas, Christ and Pope Pius IX Pastor aeternus ("First Dogmatic Constitution on the Church of Christ") was issued by the First Vatican Council, July 18, 1870.
Ever since it was declared as doctrine by the First Vatican Council, papal infallibility has proven to be a tricky business. As adopted, it says a pope “cannot err,” or can never say anything ...
Vatican II reaffirmed everything Vatican I taught about papal primacy and infallibility but it added important points about bishops. Bishops, it says, are not "vicars of the Roman Pontiff". Rather, in governing their local churches they are "vicars and legates of Christ". [59] Together they form a body, a "college", whose head is the pope.
The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period some church historians have called the "long nineteenth century," [4] saw a further consolidation of papal authority. In 1870 the First Vatican Council decreed the infallibility of the Pope's teachings, [2] although during the council Cardinal Filippo Maria Guidi OP of Bologna objected that ...