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The Ottoman Empire was one of the Central Powers of World War I, allied with the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria.It entered the war on 29 October 1914 with a small surprise attack on the Black Sea coast of Russia, which prompted Russia to declare war on 2 November 1914.
Eskişehir (US: / ˌ ɛ s k ɪ ʃ ə ˈ h ɪər / ES-kish-ə-HEER, [3] [4] Turkish: [esˈciʃehiɾ]; from eski 'old' and şehir 'city') [5] is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. The urban population of the city is 898,369, with a metropolitan population of 797,708. [1]
Çanakkale Province (Turkish: Çanakkale ili) is a province of Turkey, located in the northwestern part of the country. It takes its name from the city of Çanakkale. Its area is 9,817 km 2, [2] and its population is 559,383 (2022). [1] 1915 Çanakkale Bridge. Like Istanbul, Çanakkale province has a European and an Asian part.
The First World War, Volume 1: To Arms. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-926191-1. Trumpener, Ulrich. (2003). "The Ottoman Empire" in Richard F. Hamilton and Holger H. Herweg, eds. The Origins of World War I pp 337-55; Trumpener, Ulrich (1962). "Turkey's Entry into World War I: An Assessment of Responsibilities". Journal of Modern ...
The Ottoman Empire [k] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n /), also called the Turkish Empire, [24] [25] was an imperial realm [l] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
The First World War: Volume I: To Arms (2003). Tucker, Spencer C., ed. The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia (1996) 816pp; Watson, Alexander. Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I (2014) Wawro, Geoffrey. A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire (2014)
The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge on the Dardanelles strait, connecting Europe and Asia, is the longest suspension bridge in the world. [3]The Straits have had major maritime strategic importance since at least the Mycenaean period, and the narrow crossings between Asia and Europe have provided migration and invasion routes (for Persians, Galatians, and Turks, for example) for even longer.
The last troops of the Allies departed from the city on 4 October 1923, and the first troops of the Ankara government, commanded by Şükrü Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the Liberation Day of Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul'un Kurtuluşu, Ottoman Turkish: استانبولڭ ...