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Enlarger lenses, like the dialyte construction, are generally symmetrical in design or nearly so, optimised for sharp focus at 2x to 10x magnification. [1] The light passes through a film holder, which holds the exposed and developed photographic negative or transparency. Prints made with an enlarger are called enlargements.
The opaque projector, or episcope is a device which displays opaque materials by shining a bright lamp onto the object from above. The episcope must be distinguished from the diascope , which is a projector used for projecting images of transparent objects (such as films), and from the epidiascope , which is capable of projecting images of both ...
A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create an image by shining a light through a small transparent lens, but some newer types of projectors can project the image directly, by using lasers.
An overhead projector works on the same principle as a slide projector, in which a focusing lens projects light from an illuminated slide onto a projection screen where a real image is formed. However some differences are necessitated by the much larger size of the transparencies used (generally the size of a printed page), and the requirement ...
The first large-format slide projectors were built in the middle of the 20th century as background projectors for theaters and opera houses. From the early 50', the german Brand Reiche&Vogel was offering in a catalog a 2000w slide projector using 4.75"x 4.75" (12x12cm) slide or a scroller for film strip of the same size.
A disadvantage to using contact prints in the fine-arts is the laboriousness of modifying exposure selectively, when the use of an enlarger can achieve the same purpose. Because light does not pass any significant distance through the air or through lenses in going from the negative to the print, the contact process ideally preserves all the ...
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Slide projector light generation and collimation system: from left to right, mirror / reflector, bulb, condenser lens 1, green-tinted heat-absorbing glass, condenser lens 2; a centrifugal fan, used to cool the bulb, is visible at the top of the picture. A projector has three main optical elements: [3]: 39–40