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2. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_frequency_generation...

   These laser beams overlap at a surface, but may access a wider range of molecular resonances simultaneously than a scanning spectrometer, and hence spectra can be acquired significantly faster, allowing the ability to perform time-resolved measurements with interfacial sensitivity.

3. Raman laser - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_laser

   In 1988, the first Raman fiber laser based on fiber Bragg gratings has been made. [4] Fiber Bragg gratings are narrow-band reflectors and act as the mirrors of the laser cavity. They are inscribed directly into the core of the optical fiber used as the gain medium, which eliminates substantial losses that previously arose due to the coupling of ...

4. List of laser types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laser_types

   Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).

5. Frequency comb - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_comb

   A frequency comb or spectral comb is a spectrum made of discrete and regularly spaced spectral lines.In optics, a frequency comb can be generated by certain laser sources.. A number of mechanisms exist for obtaining an optical frequency comb, including periodic modulation (in amplitude and/or phase) of a continuous-wave laser, four-wave mixing in nonlinear media, or stabilization of the pulse ...

6. Laser-induced fluorescence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser-induced_fluorescence

   Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) or laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF) [1] is a spectroscopic method in which an atom or molecule is excited to a higher energy level by the absorption of laser light followed by spontaneous emission of light. [2] [3] It was first reported by Zare and coworkers in 1968. [4] [5]

7. Spectroscopy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopy

   Spectroscopy is a branch of science concerned with the spectra of electromagnetic radiation as a function of its wavelength or frequency measured by spectrographic equipment, and other techniques, in order to obtain information concerning the structure and properties of matter. [4]