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  2. Displacement (ship) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(ship)

    Standard displacement, also known as "Washington displacement", is a specific term defined by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. [11] "It is the displacement of the ship complete, fully manned, engined, and equipped ready for sea, including all armament and ammunition, equipment, outfit, provisions and fresh water for crew, miscellaneous ...

  3. Atmospheric refraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_refraction

    Diagram showing displacement of the Sun's image at sunrise and sunset Comparison of inferior and superior mirages due to differing air refractive indices, n. Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height. [1]

  4. Light-time correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-time_correction

    Light-time correction is a displacement in the apparent position of a celestial object from its true position (or geometric position) caused by the object's motion during the time it takes its light to reach an observer. Light-time correction occurs in principle during the observation of any moving object, because the speed of light is finite ...

  5. Snell's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law

    Refraction of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with n 2 > n 1.Since the velocity is lower in the second medium (v 2 < v 1), the angle of refraction θ 2 is less than the angle of incidence θ 1; that is, the ray in the higher-index medium is closer to the normal.

  6. Net tonnage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_tonnage

    The net tonnage calculation is based on a number of factors, one of which is the moulded draft d.The choice of the value to use for d can be complicated. For ships subject to the International Convention on Load Lines, the Summer Load Line draft is used, with the exception of cases where that is a timber load line.

  7. Optical path length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_path_length

    In optics, optical path length (OPL, denoted Λ in equations), also known as optical length or optical distance, is the length that light needs to travel through a vacuum to create the same phase difference as it would have when traveling through a given medium.

  8. Tonnage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnage

    Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping.The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship.

  9. Freeboard (nautical) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeboard_(nautical)

    A graphical representation of the dimensions used to describe a ship. f is the freeboard.. In sailing and boating, a vessel's freeboard is the distance from the waterline to the upper deck level, measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat or ship. [1]