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Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid and sold under the brand name Accutane among others, is a medication used to treat skin diseases like harlequin-type ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis, and severe cystic acne or moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics. [6]
The name isotretinoin is the same root tretinoin plus the prefix iso-. Regarding pronunciation, the following variants apply equally to both tretinoin and isotretinoin. Given that retinoic is pronounced / ˌ r ɛ t ɪ ˈ n oʊ ɪ k /, [43] [44] [42] [45] it is natural that / ˌ t r ɛ t ɪ ˈ n oʊ ɪ n / is a commonly heard pronunciation.
retinol, retinal, tretinoin (retinoic acid), isotretinoin, and alitretinoin: Second generation: Synthetic analogs formulated for oral dosing. There are no topically available second generation formulations of retinoids. etretinate and its metabolite acitretin: Third generation: Retinoidal benzoic acid derivatives: adapalene, bexarotene, and ...
Tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide, sold under the brand name Twyneo, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of acne. [1] [2] It contains tretinoin, a vitamin A derivative, and benzoyl peroxide, an oxidizing agent. [3] The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in July 2021. [2] [4] [5]
Tretinoin and isotretinoin act by binding to two nuclear receptor families within keratinocytes: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). [88] These events contribute to the normalization of follicular keratinization and decreased cohesiveness of keratinocytes, resulting in reduced follicular occlusion and ...
The molecular basis for the interaction between all-trans-retinoic acid and the Hox genes has been studied by using deletion analysis in transgenic mice carrying constructs of GFP reporter genes. Such studies have identified functional RAREs within flanking sequences of some of the most 3′ Hox genes (including HOXA1 , HOXB1 , HOXB4 , HOXD4 ...
After its introduction in the United States, scientists identified isotretinoin as a medication highly likely to cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy. In the United States, more than 2,000 women became pregnant while taking isotretinoin between 1982 and 2003, with most pregnancies ending in abortion or miscarriage. Approximately 160 ...
Retinol, also called vitamin A 1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development. [3]
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