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A 4Pi microscope is a laser scanning fluorescence microscope with an improved axial resolution.With it the typical range of the axial resolution of 500–700 nm can be improved to 100–150 nm, which corresponds to an almost spherical focal spot with 5–7 times less volume than that of standard confocal microscopy.
It is used in three dimensional geometry, and is analogous to the radian, which quantifies planar angles. A solid angle in the form of a right circular cone can be projected onto a sphere, defining a spherical cap where the cone intersects the sphere. The magnitude of the solid angle expressed in steradians is defined as the quotient of the ...
IBM System/4 Pi, a family of avionics computers; 4Pi microscope, a microscope that uses interference and fluorescence computers; 4×π = 12.56637..., the solid angle of a complete sphere measured in steradians; Hermetic detector (also called a 4π detector)
Math enthusiasts around the world, from college kids to rocket scientists, celebrate Pi Day on Thursday, which is March 14 or 3/14 — the first three digits of an infinite number with many ...
A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...
The last of the non-avian dinosaurs died 66 million years ago in the course of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, whereas the earliest members of the genus Homo (humans) evolved between 2.3 and 2.4 million years ago. This places a 63-million-year expanse of time between the last non-avian dinosaurs and the earliest humans.
Spherical version of Malfatti's problem: [4] The triangle is a spherical one. Essential tools for investigations on circles are the radical axis of two circles and the radical center of three circles. The power diagram of a set of circles divides the plane into regions within which the circle minimizing the power is constant.
The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.