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Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Napoleon Bonaparte: A Life. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 9780060929589. Stroud, Patricia Tyson (2005). The Man who had been King: The American Exile of Napoleon's Brother Joseph. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812290424. biography: book received the New Jersey Council for the Humanities first place book award in ...
Napoleon, despite the fact that Pauline loved Stanislas, married her to General Charles Leclerc in French-occupied Milan on 14 June 1797. [8] Napoleon returned to Paris and delegated the office of commander-in-chief of the French army in Italy to his brother-in-law. [9] Pauline gave birth to a boy, Dermide Louis Napoleon, on 20 April 1798. [10]
Joachim Murat (from 1804), Napoleon's brother-in-law; Eugène de Beauharnais (from 1805), Napoleon's adopted son; Elisa Bonaparte, Napoleon's sister; Jérôme Bonaparte (from 1806), Napoleon's younger brother; Stéphanie de Beauharnais (from 1806), Napoleon's adopted daughter, cousin of his wife; Joseph Fesch (from 1807), Napoleon's uncle
In 1809, Napoleon increased pressure on Lucien to divorce his wife and return to France, even having their mother write a letter encouraging him to abandon her and return. With the whole of the Papal States annexed to France and the Pope imprisoned, Lucien was a virtual prisoner in his Italian estates, requiring permission of the Military ...
Napoleon gave her an allowance, and a house in Rue d'Anjou Saint-Honoré, where she resided for the rest of her life when in Paris. At the Coronation of Napoleon on 2 December 1804, she followed Josephine, whose train was carried by her sisters-in-law, carrying the handkerchief and veil of Josephine on a pillow. [6]
Jérôme Bonaparte (born Girolamo Buonaparte; 15 November 1784 – 24 June 1860) was the youngest brother of Napoleon I and reigned as Jerome Napoleon I (formally Hieronymus Napoleon in German), King of Westphalia, between 1807 and 1813. From 1816 onward, he bore the title of Prince of Montfort. [1]
Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist.The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons.