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Watermill of Braine-le-Château, Belgium (12th century) Interior of the Lyme Regis watermill, UK (14th century). A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower.It is a structure that uses a water wheel or water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering.
Vertical axis water mill A horizontal wheel with a vertical axle. Commonly called a tub wheel , Norse mill or Greek mill , [ 10 ] [ 11 ] the horizontal wheel is a primitive and inefficient form of the modern turbine.
Most of these were corn mills (to grind flour), but almost any industrial process needing motive power, beyond that available from the muscles of men or animals, used a water wheel, unless a windmill was preferred. Today only a fraction of these mills survive. Many are used as private residences, or have been converted into offices.
The invention of the watermill is a question open to scholarly discussion, [5] but is generally agreed to have occurred in the ancient Near East, [5] [6] either before [6] or during the Hellenistic period. [7] In the subsequent Roman period, the use of water-power was
A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour milling (using a pair of millstones), lumber production, or metal shaping (rolling, grinding or wire drawing). A watermill that generates electricity is usually called a hydroelectric plant.
A tide mill is a water mill driven by tidal rise and fall. A dam with a sluice is created across a suitable tidal inlet, or a section of river estuary is made into a reservoir. As the tide comes in, it enters the mill pond through a one-way gate, and this gate closes automatically when the tide begins to fall.
Machinery in a watermill Crown Wheel and Upright Shaft Pit Wheel, Great Spur Wheel, Stone Nut (Underdrift stones) Pit Wheel, Wallower and Upright Shaft. A Waterwheel Axle The axle carries the waterwheel. It can also carry the Pit Wheel at its opposite end. Bedstone The Bedstone is the bottom of a pair of millstones. It does not move.
The solution devised by the Eastern Roman general Belisarius was the "reverse principle of a water mill" - the ship mills, which were anchored on the Tiber river around Rome. [ 2 ] It was a type of watermill powered by water wheels mounted on the sides of vessels moored in midstream, preferably close to bridges where the current is stronger.