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Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is a technique in which a sedating/dissociative medication is given, usually along with an analgesic medication, in order to perform non-surgical procedures on a patient. The overall goal is to induce a decreased level of consciousness while maintaining the patient's ability to breathe on their own.
Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure. Examples of drugs which can be used for sedation include isoflurane , diethyl ether , propofol , etomidate , ketamine , pentobarbital , lorazepam and midazolam .
(01916–01936) radiological procedures (01951–01953) burn excisions or debridement (01958–01969) obstetric (01990–01999) other procedures (99100–99140) qualifying circumstances for anesthesia (99143–99150) moderate (conscious) sedation
It is used for a variety of surgical procedures and for various reasons. Like regular anesthesia, twilight anesthesia is designed to help a patient feel more comfortable and to minimize pain associated with the procedure being performed and to allow the medical practitioner to practice without interruptions.
TIVA is used to induce general anesthesia while avoiding the disadvantages of volatile anesthesia (and traditional inhalation agents). [9] Intravenous anesthetic agents are titrated at safe doses to maintain stage III surgical anesthesia (unconsciousness, amnesia, immobility, and absence of response to noxious stimulation). [10]
Pediatric Anesthesia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley and Sons covering research on the use of anesthetics in children. The current editor-in-chief is Andrew Davidson ( University of Melbourne ).
Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia, premedication before surgical anesthesia, and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. [12] It induces sleepiness, decreases anxiety, and causes anterograde amnesia. [12]
Since general anesthesia first became widely used in late 1846, assessment of anesthetic depth was a problem. To determine the depth of anesthesia, the anesthetist relies on a series of physical signs of the patient.