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The circulating supercurrents induce magnetic fields with the total flux equal to a single flux quantum. Therefore, an Abrikosov vortex is often called a fluxon. The magnetic field distribution of a single vortex far from its core can be described by the same equation as in the London's fluxoid [3] [4]
Fig. 1 The vector field of two-dimensional magnetic skyrmions: a) a hedgehog skyrmion and b) a spiral skyrmion. In physics, magnetic skyrmions (occasionally described as 'vortices,' [1] or 'vortex-like' [2] configurations) are statically stable solitons which have been predicted theoretically [1] [3] [4] and observed experimentally [5] [6] [7] in condensed matter systems.
Exact solutions to classical nonlinear magnetic equations include the Landau–Lifshitz equation, the continuum Heisenberg model, the Ishimori equation, and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Vortex rings are torus-shaped vortices where the axis of rotation is a continuous closed curve. Smoke rings and bubble rings are two well-known examples.
Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is an important source of fatigue damage of offshore oil exploration drilling, export, production risers, including steel catenary risers (SCRs) and tension leg platform (TLP) tendons or tethers. These slender structures experience both current flow and top-end vessel motions, which both give rise to the flow ...
Defining equation SI units Dimension Magnetic field, field strength, flux density, induction field B ... The Physics of Vibrations and Waves (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
The magnetic field (B, green) is directed down through the plate. The Lorentz force of the magnetic field on the electrons in the metal induces a sideways current under the magnet. The magnetic field, acting on the sideways moving electrons, creates a Lorentz force opposite to the velocity of the sheet, which acts as a drag force on the sheet.
The Scruton number (Sc) is an important parameter for vortex-induced vibration (excitation) of structures, vibrations caused by rain or wind, dry inclined cable galloping, and wake galloping, the unstable airflow that forms around bridge cables and other cylindrically-structured buildings. [1]
The vorticity equation of fluid dynamics describes the evolution of the vorticity ω of a particle of a fluid as it moves with its flow; that is, the local rotation of the fluid (in terms of vector calculus this is the curl of the flow velocity). The governing equation is: