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Differential diagnosis of an enlarged Virchow's node includes lymphoma, various intra-abdominal malignancies, breast cancer, and infection (e.g. of the arm). Similarly, an enlarged right supraclavicular lymph node tends to drain thoracic malignancies such as lung and esophageal cancer, as well as Hodgkin's lymphoma.
These lymph nodes are also known as glands or lymphoid tissue. If they detect something foreign passing through them, they enlarge. This is called lymphadenopathy or swollen glands. Usually this is localized (for example, an infected spot on the scalp will cause lymph nodes in the neck on
Adenopathy, swollen lymph nodes, swollen glands: A CT scan of axillary lymphadenopathy in a 57-year-old man with multiple myeloma. Specialty: Infectious disease, oncology: Symptoms: Fever; Hard, fixed, rapidly growing nodes, indicating a possible cancer or lymphoma; night sweats; runny nose; sore throat: Causes
Lung cancer most commonly metastasizes to the brain, bones, liver, and adrenal glands. [14] Lung cancer can often appear as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph or CT scan. In lung cancer screening studies as many as 30% of those screened have a lung nodule, the majority of which turn out to be benign. [15]
However, since different forms of malignant tumors generally exhibit diverse genetic, biological, and clinical properties — including response to treatment — accurate classification of lung cancer cases are critical to assuring that patients with lung cancer receive optimum management. [5] [6]
Lung cancer is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually and is the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and the second most common in women. According to the World Health Organization, lung cancer was responsible for approximately 10 million deaths in 2020. [2]
Chemotherapy for NSCLC usually includes combination of two drugs (chemotherapy doublet), with one of the agents is cisplatin or carboplatin. In 2002, Schiller at al. published in the New England Journal of Medicine, a study that compared four chemotherapy regimens for advanced NSCLC, cisplatin and paclitaxel, cisplatin and gemcitabine, cisplatin and docetaxel, and carboplatin and paclitaxel. [14]
However, as SCL are considered particularly aggressive non-small cell lung cancers, [2] some experts recommend particularly aggressive treatment approach to these tumors. Little is known about the effects of EGFR inhibitors in SC, although some evidence suggests that these tumors are not likely to be highly responsive. [2]