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A shaft equipped with ladder rungs for personnel access. In civil engineering a shaft is an underground vertical or inclined passageway. Shafts are often entered through a manhole and closed by a manhole cover. They are constructed for a number of reasons including: For the construction of a tunnel
Plumbing systems also service air distribution/control, and therefore contribute to the mechanical part of MEP. Plumbing for HVAC systems involves the transfer of coolant, pressurized air, water, and occasionally other substances. Ducting for air transfer may also be consider plumbing, but is generally installed by different tradespeople. [11]
Mechanical floors are generally counted in the building's floor numbering (this is required by some building codes) but are accessed only by service elevators. Some zoning regulations exclude mechanical floors from a building's maximum area calculation, permitting a significant increase in building sizes; this is the case in New York City. [1]
The Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials to govern the installation, inspection and maintenance of HVAC (heating, ventilating and air-conditioning) and refrigeration systems. It is designated as an American National Standard.
Therefore, if a municipality adopts the International Building Code, it also adopts those parts of other codes referenced by the IBC. Often, the plumbing, mechanical, and electric codes are adopted along with the building code. The code book itself (2000 edition) totals over 700 pages and chapters include: Building occupancy classifications
A building code (also building control or building regulations) is a set of rules that specify the standards for construction objects such as buildings and non-building structures. Buildings must conform to the code to obtain planning permission , usually from a local council.
Chipping Sodbury Tunnel ventilation shaft Swan St. ventilation shaft on the Burnley Tunnel Ventilation shafts of the Velser tunnel, the Netherlands. In subterranean civil engineering, ventilation shafts, also known as airshafts or vent shafts, are vertical passages used in mines and tunnels to move fresh air underground, and to remove stale air.
In 1921 the Building Code Committee and in 1925 a report was issued titled "Recommended Practice for Arrangement of Building Codes" which consisted of 19 chapters, including Chapter 15 on plumbing. This report was known informally as the "Hoover Code" as it was issued under the signature of the Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover.