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Dreams have a foresight function, enabling us to find a way out of an immediate conflict. [I 2] To reduce the polysemy of the term, Jung sometimes speaks of the "intuitive function" of dreams. [G 3] This prospective function is not in fact a premonitory dream, but teaches the dreamer a path to follow. [2]
The differences in neuronal activity of the brainstem during waking and REM sleep were observed, and the hypothesis proposes that dreams result from brain activation during REM sleep. [1] Since then, the hypothesis has undergone an evolution as technology and experimental equipment has become more precise.
In dreams there is a reduction or absence of self-reflection or other forms of meta-cognition relative to during waking life. [5] Dreams are also characterized by a lack of "orientational stability; persons, times, and places are fused, plastic, incongruous and discontinuous". [9]
Dreams can usually be recalled if a person is awakened while dreaming. [98] Women tend to have more frequent dream recall than men. [98] Dreams that are difficult to recall may be characterized by relatively little affect, and factors such as salience, arousal, and interference play a role in dream recall. Often, a dream may be recalled upon ...
A lucid dream is a type of dream in which the dreamer becomes aware that they are dreaming while dreaming. In a preliminary study, dreamers were able to consciously communicate with experimenters via eye movements or facial muscle signals, and were able to comprehend complex questions and use working memory.
The term "pre-lucid dream" was first introduced by Celia Green in her 1968 book Lucid Dreams. It is preferred to the term "near-lucid" dream on the following grounds: Historical priority: it has been in use since 1968. Currency: it was subsequently adopted by other writers on the phenomenon of lucid dreaming, such as Stephen LaBerge (1985).
Related to—yet distinct from—the manifest content, the latent content of the dream is the unconscious thoughts, drives, and desires that lie behind the dream as it appears. These thoughts in their raw form are permanently barred from consciousness by the mechanism of repression, but continue to exert pressure in the direction of consciousness.
Dream consciousness is a term defined by the theorist of dreaming science J. Allan Hobson, M.D. as the memory of subjective awareness during sleep. According to the theory its importance for cognitive science derives from two perspectives. One is the brain basis for consciousness itself and the other is the interpretation of dreams.