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Bradycardia arrhythmia may have many causes, both cardiac and non-cardiac. Non-cardiac causes are usually secondary and can involve recreational drug use or abuse , metabolic or endocrine issues, especially hypothyroidism , an electrolyte imbalance , neurological factors, autonomic reflexes , situational factors, such as prolonged bed rest ...
Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. [1]
Rhythm strip of sinus bradycardia at 50 bpm. Sinus bradycardia is commonly seen in normal healthy persons and athletes in the absence of pathophysiological diseases or conditions. [1] Different factors or etiologies could lead to the dysfunction of the sinus node, causing a malformation or prolongation of the impulse.
Reflex bradycardia is a bradycardia (decrease in heart rate) in response to the baroreceptor reflex, one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms for preventing abnormal increases in blood pressure. In the presence of high mean arterial pressure , the baroreceptor reflex produces a reflex bradycardia as a method of decreasing blood pressure by ...
Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury and death worldwide, and the highest rates are among children. Overall, drowning is the most common fatal injury among children aged 1–4 years in the USA, [8] and is the second highest cause of death altogether in that age range, after congenital defects.
Severely high hypernatremia may lead to fibrillation, which may cause cardiac output to cease. Severe hyponatremia leads to both bradycardia and other arrhythmias. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) also leads to arrhythmias, whereas hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) causes the heart to become weak and flaccid, and ultimately to fail. [16]
Cardiac arrhythmias are another possible cause. Arrhythmias such as asystole or bradycardia are more likely in children, in contrast to ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia as seen in adults. [30] Additional causes of sudden unexplained cardiac arrest in children include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery abnormalities. [160]
Often sinus node dysfunction produces no symptoms, especially early in the disease course. Signs and symptoms usually appear in more advanced disease and more than 50% of patients will present with syncope or transient near-fainting spells as well as bradycardias that are accompanied by rapid heart rhythms, referred to as tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome [4] [5] Other presenting signs or ...